Republics of Omerica
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| Omerican republics Républiques omericaines | |
|---|---|
| Also known as: Commonwealth/Communauté Free State/État libre | |
 | |
| Category | Federated state |
| Location | Omerica |
| Number | 26 |
| Populations | 293,088 (New Guernsey) – 7,461,993 (Mespalia) |
| Areas | 204 km² (Romainbourg) – 16,044 km² (West Calaverde) |
Omerica is a federation of twenty-six republics. As the descendants of formerly sovereign states, the republics retain a degree of sovereignty and self-government and maintain administrative independence from the Union government, including independent executives, legislatures and judiciaries.
Under the Basic Laws, certain policy areas, such as foreign affairs and defence, are the exclusive prerogative of the Federal Diet, while others fall under shared authority; the republics retain all other powers not assigned to the Union or expressly denied to them by the federal constitution. Republics therefore have taxation power and responsibility over healthcare, social welfare, law enforcement, public education, job training and promotion of the arts and sciences.
Republics form the basis for apportioning the House of Representatives and their legislatures designate the members of the House of Plenipotentiaries. Additionally, in areas under the republics’ legislative authority, republics have the power to enter into compacts among each other and, subject to parliamentary approval, treaties with foreign states.
Terminology
History
Constitution
All republics are constitutionally required to have a democratic and republican system of government, but otherwise, the republics remain free to organise their individual constitutions as they see fit. All republics are governed by a parliamentary system similar to the federal government, though there is wide variation in its implementation from republic to republic.
List
Admission of new republics
With the exception of Port-des-Saints, all new republics admitted since Federation have been formed by secession from other existing republics. Since the end of the Omerican Civil War, all republics possess full voting rights regardless of the circumstances of their establishment and any new republics enter the federation on equal standing with existing members.
The admission of new republics requires a referendum among the affected population, though they are only constitutionally mandated when “major changes” would be made to existing republic boundaries. The merger of multiple republics requires a majority in each republic to be merged, while the splitting of a republic requires either a simple majority on both sides of the new border or a two-thirds supermajority in the seceding territory. In contrast, the accession of a republic from outside Omerica or of a federal territory within Omerica only requires a simple majority to pass.
